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The following are several benefits of delegating administrative control:. Download Microsoft Edge More info.
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Joins an Active Directory domain. You will be prompted for the username and password of a user with domain administrator privileges. Configures and manages a series of common Server Core installation properties. See Figure Figure The Sconfig.
We discuss many Server Core commands and PowerShell cmdlets in various chapters of this book and other Cert Guide books in this series. Although Microsoft markets Server Core as being the default Windows Server R2 installation, the full GUI version still represents the most easily managed version of the server.
Windows displays a Welcome message and prepares your desktop. Then the desktop with Server Manager shown in Figure appears. When you shut down a Windows Server R2 computer, it displays the Shutdown Event Tracker dialog box, which asks you for a reason for shutting down the server.
For learning purposes, it is helpful to disable this item. You can do so by typing gpedit. On the dialog box that appears, click Disabled and then click OK.
You cannot upgrade a Windows Server or older computer or a computer running any client version of Windows to Windows Server R2.
This command returns the index number for the server with a GUI image. Then type the following command:. Use the following PowerShell command in place of those given in steps 2 and To install the complete desktop experience on your server including access to Windows Store apps as in Windows 8 or Windows 8. This mode adds a link to Windows Store on the Start screen, as shown in Figure :. Installing the minimal server interface on your server requires you to remove the Start screen shell.
Use the following PowerShell command and then restart your computer. You receive a command prompt window and the Server Manager console as previously shown in Figure As an organization grows, administration of servers can become become quite overwhelming to manage.
To help balance the workload and create a smooth support process, a delegation model should be implemented. Implementing a delegation model involves the following:. Preparing for a delegation model requires some planning up front. Deciding how to manage your systems administration can be a frustrating task. The key to success is to define a model that best works for your situation, agree upon the long-term strategy, and discipline those involved to stick with the model.
There are three basic strategies to select from when deciding how to manage your environment:. Containing characteristics of both decentralized and centralized models, the shared or delegated approach focuses on centralized policies and procedures governed by the enterprise admins. This approach is hierarchical in nature in that many layers of administration can be defined. For example, the main office might contain the majority of the systems. These systems are managed by senior administrators or an enterprise admin group.
Desktop engineers might be delegated administrative access to all desktops but might escalate issues to site admins or even enterprise admins if necessary. Once a delegation model has been selected, the next step is to decide how to delegate access. Depending on the server, installed roles, and applications installed, there are different ways to delegate access. In some cases, applications or roles include an interface where elevated access is granted.
In most other situations, local built-in groups can be used to grant different access to different delegates depending on their function. For example, suppose you have delegated backup duties to a small team of junior administrators. To help streamline this in larger organizations, you might consider additional layers of group nesting along with group policy to push down the elevated access to a group of servers.
This method provides a more scalable solution as expanding delegate access is as simple as adding more junior admin accounts to a domain group.
The domain group is then automatically added to the backup operators local group on the servers. Active Directory will be discussed in more detail later. Refer to Table for a listing of built-in local groups and their functions. Grants full access and control to the computer. Allows members to change and manage permissions and access to the computer. Ability to back up and restore files regardless of the permissions assigned to the folder or files.
These users are unable to modify and manage permissions. Users are granted virtually no access to the system other than to use the Internet and basic applications. They are granted temporary profiles upon logon. Limited access to log on to the computer.
Allows users to run applications, use local devices and peripherals but not make administrative changes. When delegating administrative tasks, it is a good practice to create separate delegate accounts for users.
The idea is to operate on the principle of least privilege, meaning for normal operations you would use a standard user account with enough access to perform your job. When elevated privileges are required, invoke the run as function or log in with your delegate account.
This reduces the risk of unintentional changes that could make for an unpleasant day for the admin. You can assign different sets of administrative responsibility to different users, and these can include segments of the directory structure such as OUs or sites. The following are several benefits of delegating administrative control:. When designing your AD DS forest structure, you should keep in mind the administrative requirements of each domain.
Each domain has the capability to contain a different OU hierarchy. The forest administrators, who are members of the Enterprise Admins group, are automatically granted the ability to create an OU hierarchy in any domain within the entire forest.
Domain administrators, who are members of the Domain Admins group in each separate domain, by default are granted the right to create an OU hierarchy within their own domain. When you initially create your OU design, you should do so to enable administration. After that, you should create any additional OUs required for the application of Group Policy and management of computers.
The final step in delegating administrative duties is identifying the toolsets available to your delegates. Microsoft has provided us with the following tools to help with administrative tasks:.
Before using administrative tools, you must first ensure that the necessary access rights have been granted and that you have addressed any prerequisites, such as. Net Framework 4. It helps administrators cut down on repetitive tasks by defining prebuilt configurations that accompany PowerShell 4.
Configuration parameters are saved in a Managed Object File MOF and can be used as a baseline for comparison or as a template for new deployments. DSC is often used in the following situations:. DSC works via two basic methods: Pull and Push. The Pull method works through the use of a Pull Server. Using this method, you can configure a server as the Pull Server, which acts as central configuration repository storing the configuration data for computers.
In large environments, nodes can be configured to pull from the server as they come online. The second method is the Push method. In smaller implementations, a central server can be configured to Push DSC configurations.
As an administrator, you also have the ability to use a combination of both Pull and Push methods. DSC works through the basis of defining configurations within scripts. Using Notepad, you can build a custom DSC configuration.
Configurations contain several components, all of which are organized within a configuration block. The keyword Configuration tells PowerShell that a specific configuration is to follow. Together, both of these items create the foundation of a configuration block.
The basic structure of a configuration block is. Inside the configuration block, node blocks are identified. A node represents a computer in the environment. Nodes are used when you need to apply a configuration block to a specific computer or computers. Multiple node blocks can be created within a configuration block, although a configuration block does not have to contain any node blocks.
Depending on the requirements, you might need to use node blocks. Inside the node blocks, resource blocks can be identified. Resource blocks are used to configure specific resources. These can be configured manually, or you can use several prebuilt resources available within the PowerShell framework. Some of the built-in resources include. Resource blocks are identified by a resource name followed by an identifier. For example, to add configuration details to ensure that the Web-Server role is installed for MyComputer1 , use the following syntax:.
After you have created the appropriate configurations, save it as a PowerShell script. To invoke the configuration, execute it via an administrative PowerShell session. Invoking the configuration creates the MOF file in the working directory containing the configuration block script. To execute the configuration, run the command:. The intent of this section was to provide a high-level overview of DSC and how to use it. There are a variety of configuration parameters and best practices that go beyond the scope of this Cert Guide.
In any large-scale deployment, imaging technology will be one of your strongest allies. Microsoft has continued to evolve its imaging process through enhancements made to the Windows Deployment Services WDS role. WDS is covered in the Cert Guide , but in this section, we will assume you already have a prebuilt image and are looking to perform offline servicing of the image.
So what is meant by servicing an image, and why offline? Historically speaking, updates to images required the administrator to deploy a new computer from the image, run through any customizations or updates, repackage the image, and upload it back to the repository.
This is often a lengthy process—especially when only minor updates are required. For these instances, Microsoft has provided the ability to inject updates to a Windows image file.
Scenarios in which images require updating include. DISM takes the legwork out of the mix by enabling an administrator to mount the image file, similar to mounting a hard disk, and issue commands to update the image.
When the updating is complete, changes are committed to the image and the file is unmounted, in which case the image is ready for the next deployment.
Some key points and best practices to consider when using DISM:. DISM is typically used for updating offline images, but it can also be used to update servers that are online especially in cases when you need a fast method to standardize or update to a higher edition of Windows. There are several parameters you should understand when servicing images. Table outlines some of the key parameters:.
Used to gather information from the image file such as index number, image name, description, and image size. Parameter used to mount the image. When mounting the image, you must also specify an in index number or the name associated with the image.
Directory in which the image is mounted to. For optimal performance, this should be on the local computer that is updating the image. Use this switch when experiencing trouble with mounting images that might have been previously mounted. Adds one or more install packages or cabinet files. When applying multiple packages, packages are listed in the order in which they should be installed.
Adds a driver to the offline image. Produces a list of Packages from the mounted image in the mount directory. Unmounts the image. Used to change an offline windows image to a higher edition. This list is introduces only a few of the DISM parameters. The first thing you need to do is obtain a copy of the source image.
In this example, we will use one of the default Windows image files found on the Server installation media and extracted by a WDS server. To enable a feature in an offline image, perform the following steps:. Using either the index number or name of the image, mount the image to a temporary mount directory. This will extract the contents of the image Figure to a directory structure in the temp mount directory specified.
This process might take time depending on the speed of your computer. Review the current state of the Remote-Desktop-Services feature. Shown in Figure , take notice that the feature is currently disabled. Enable the Remote-Desktop-Services feature in the offline image by executing the command shown in Figure Commit changes to the image and unmount the. This will repackage the image file with the changes made. It might take some time depending on the speed of your computer. When unmounting images, it is important to close all windows and applications, especially File Explorer windows.
This will help prevent locks during the unmounting process. As discussed previously, remote management of servers is extremely helpful for an administrator, especially in scenarios in which your organization is driving a centralized management approach or if you are managing a group of Server Core installations.
Before remote management can occur, the remote servers must be configured to enable remote management. This is on by default for new installations but can be changed by navigating to the Local Server properties of Server Manager as shown in Figure Figure Server Manager Remote Management. To enable remote management on legacy systems, you might be required to perform additional configuration steps, such as enabling WMI through the Windows Firewall service.
Once enabled for remote management, use the Add other servers to manage feature from the Server Manager Dashboard. The Add Servers dialog enables you to search for remote servers using Active Directory by importing a list from a text file or by using DNS as shown in Figure Figure Add Servers Dialog Box. To perform a remote administrative task, such as Adding Roles and Features, highlight the remote server and right-click to bring up the list of remote management options as shown in Figure Figure Adding Roles and Features Remotely.
In situations where different security boundaries—such as managing between workgroups or domains—exist, you might consider using the Manage As function to first supply the necessary authoritative credentials. From this point, step through the Add Roles and Features Wizard as you have done previously. The only difference this time is to select the remote server previously added.
To ensure the proper remote server is selected, take note of the destination server listed in the upper-right corner of the dialog box, as shown in Figure After you have installed the role, you now have the ability to manage and configure services associated with the role centrally from Server Manager on your managing server. In addition to Server Manager, PowerShell can be another powerful tool to simplify the installation and management of server roles remotely. Using PowerShell, an administrator can perform a series of commands.
Some common commands are outlined in Table Windows services have been around for some time. If you recall, a service is an application that runs in the background without a traditional user interface or requiring user interaction to complete its core function.
Services and their configurations are stored in a database known as the Service Control Database. Information is also stored under subkeys located in the Registry. Depending on your business needs, you can customize the system health reports to display items that you prefer to monitor.
Figure D shows a daily health report viewed on a smartphone. This is a quick and easy way to keep your pulse on the health of a small network. You can turn on BranchCache to improve data access if the server running Windows Server R2 Essentials is located offsite.
BranchCache is a wide area network WAN bandwidth optimization technology that is included in some editions of the Windows Server Windows client operating systems. To optimize WAN bandwidth when users access content on remote servers, BranchCache copies content from a main office or hosted cloud content servers and caches the content at branch office locations, allowing client computers at branch offices to access the content locally rather than over the WAN.
If your Windows Server R2 Essentials server is integrated with Office , you can manage your mobile devices using the Exchange Active Sync functionalities from the Essentials dashboard, such as define email access from a mobile device, set up password policies, and remote wipe of the mobile device. You can create client restore service using the Set up Client Restore Service task and perform client full system restore over the network with WDS instead of using an image saved on a DVD.
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Here are 10 new and cool things about Windows Server R2 Essentials: 1. Server deployment You can install Essentials as a member server in a domain of any size. Figure A Installing the Essentials Experience role on a member server in an existing domain. Client deployment You can connect computers to your domain from a remote location.